They describe and analyze changes to an understanding of disability advocacy and inclusive education in Central Asia. The themes in these cases have parallels in other parts of the world: overcoming the stigma of disability and the importance of parents in challenging existing norms about disability and the purpose and nature of schooling, the role of civic society associations, advocacy groups and NGOs, the emergence of new ways of working with government agencies, the role of professionals as innovators (and resisters) and the need for professional development to support flexible educational approaches, the need for new forms of preparation of teachers and other professionals reflecting new approaches to disability, the need to develop the research capacity of practitioners so innovative practices can be shared with a wider audience. Miles S., Singal N. (2009) The Education for All and Inclusive Education Debate: Conflict, Contradiction or Opportunity? International Journal of Inclusive Education, 14, no 1, pp.